Exploring integer data type in C

Points to be known:

• An integer data is one among the basic data types in C language. 
• By default all the integer in C are signed.
• For using unsigned we must use unsigned int keyword.
• Size of the integer may be 2 byte or 4 byte, it is purely compile dependent.
• short is a qualifier which makes the size of integer 2 or 4 bytes.
• long is also a qualifier which makes the size of the integer data type 8 byte.
• The following picture depicts what will happen when the value of the integer variable exceeds its range. Roll over happens whenever the value exceeds the range. 
• In the below diagram a 2 byte signed integer's roll over is shown.

                                      

• In case of Unsigned int the value ranges from 0 to 65,536 for 4 byte and 0 to 32,767 for 2 byte int.

Examples:

Consider the following example,

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

int a = 5;

float b = 10.5;

printf("%f",a+b);

return 0;

}

Here the output will be 15.500000 because float variable has higher precedence than int variable.

Consider the same example

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

int a = 5;

float b = 10.5;

printf("%d",a+b);

return 0;

}

If we try to print the integer part of this expression, the output will be 0 here. Because when an int variable is added with float, the resulting value always will be float for the above mentioned reason.

Again consider the same example with slight modification,

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{

int a = 5;

char b = 'a';

printf("%d",a+b);

return 0;

}

Here the output will be 102, because the ASCII value of the character will be added and %d is the format specifier so it will print the integer value of the expression.

Extras:

• Both %d and %i can to used as format specifier for integer in C.
• %5d will print the integer value after 5 spaces before it.

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